Approach For the Design of Innovative Odor Imitators

The use of trained canines to sniff out illicit or dangerous drugs and items is a tool utilized by government agencies responsible for public safety. The origins of this activity can be traced back to the 1960s when it was intended to achieve conditioning through the simultaneous connection of an odoriferous stimulus emitted by "aid substances" (conditioned stimulus) and a satisfier that elicits emotion from which a determined behaviour or is moulded. The smell has a neutral physiological meaning at the start of conditioning, but by the end, the close association between the two elements will cause the nervous system to assign it a specific meaning. The odorant must ensure appropriate quality, consistent intensity, and purity to avoid confusion in the nervous system.

The imprinted molecule interacts with functional monomers in the manner of a pre-organized structure, which is exposed to a cross linker and a polymerization initiator, through reversible non-covalent electrostatic relationships, such as the relationship between dipoles, electrostatics, hydrogen bonding, etc. that interacts with functional monomers in the manner of a pre-organized structure, which is exposed to a cross-linker and a polymerization initiator. When free radicals construct structures, the gaps or pores particular to the molecule employed remain after the template molecule is removed. This technology is employed in the development of sensors, catalysts, modified release pharmaceutical forms, chromatography, and even the adsorption of residues left over from chemical reactions.

The design of the molecular imprinting polymer as a cocaine odor mimic was carried out in Laboratory 100 of the Department of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry of the Faculty of Chemistry of UNAM, The rheological study Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. Males aged 20 and above with Wistar rats were taken for the experiment. The Institute of Cellular Physiology of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico, contributed 300-360 g of body weight rats, which were randomly divided into two groups of seven rats (Conditioning groups) and two groups of three specimens each box (Control groups). The molecular imprinting polymer used in this investigation to replicate cocaine HCl "headspaces" was placed in drinkers with a circular low relief that surrounds the hydration source's exit hole. The following hydration sources were given to rats in groups A and B: An SDRD containing the MIP and reinforcer, as well as four empty SDRDs, was inserted. A sweetened solution produced with 99% Merck saccharin sodium dihydrate was used to make the reinforcements (DARM, GER). C and D, and SDRD loaded with the MIPs was placed, water was added to all the SDRD of group C, to those of group D, a reinforcing solution (sweetened solution).

A desorption rate of 49.12% was achieved during the first 168 hrs, revealing a continual release of MIP4-VP odor, which is half of what was accomplished with the Silica gel (90.81%) in the "open system" at ambient temperature.

MIP desorption (%) was lower in the "closed system" at room temperature and refrigeration (20.64 and 17.49%, respectively) than in the silica gel (30, 88, and 21.77%, respectively. In comparison to Silica Gel, the results reveal that the developed MIPs worked better, reaching a faster and more sustained equilibrium of the supernatant vapour and exhibiting more extended and regulated desorption, demonstrating the compound's intended purpose.

The desorption of the MIP in three different environments was conducted to determine the viability of the emanation of a clear odorant stimulus that is unmistakable and consistent, allowing it to be used for the conditioning of detector dogs in field conditions. As a result, the compound was exposed to extreme storage environments for 7 days, with the batch stored in an open system showing no detectable changes in concentration between 0 and 6 hrs. The haematological study revealed normal values, except for higher levels of globulins and creatinine, which can be attributed to exhaustion or muscle injury induced by handling during conditioning and competition sessions in the group to reach the source of water throughout each session.

The findings show that the "molecular imprint polymer" design method is a reliable choice for controlling the adsorption and desorption of a wide range of odor signatures. The adsorption equilibrium was reached quite rapidly, whereas desorption takes much longer in most commercially available goods.

JOURNAL REFERENCE


Sierra-Resendiz, A., B. Robles-Heredia, M.J. Bernad-Bernad, R. Díaz-Torres, S.I. Peña-Corona, D. Vargas-Estrada and J. Gracia-Mora, 2022. Designing and preclinical evaluation of a molecular imprint polymer-based cocaine odor mimic for conditioning detection dogs. Int. J. Pharmacol., 18: 171-181.